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 * English Glossary**

Magna Carta: the "Great Charter" limiting royal power that the English nobility forced King John to sign in 1215.

**Magna Graecia: **meaning "Great Greece" in Latin, it was the name given by the Romans to southern Italy and Sicily because there were so many Greek colonies in the region.

**Manor: **the territory owned by a lord where the village farms were settled.

Marshall Plan: the U.S. program named after U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall of providing economic aid to Europe after World War II.

Marxism:

Massacre: the killing of a large number of defenceless people.

Master (guild- ):

**McCarthyism: **Fear of internal subversion, aggravated by genuine fears from the Cold War. This created a 'Red Scare' far larger in scale and far more damaging to society than that of the early 1920s.

**Mediocrity: **averageness; being average and not outstanding.

Merchandise: goods for sale.

Merchants: traders who bought and sold goods with foreign countries.

Mesopotamia: modern Iraq. The land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where the first civilization appeared around 3000 BC.

Métayers: French peasants who rented land from people wealthier than themselves. In return, they gave the landowner half of the crops or livestock they produced.

Mineralised: changed slowly into a mineral over a long period of time.

Minister: someone who helps the monarch to rule.

Minoans: the Bronze Age civilization that arose in Crete in the third and second millennia BC.

Missidominici: meaning "the envoys of the ruler". Royal overseers of the king's law in the Carolingian Empire.

**Mistresses: **prostitute, “sexually easy-going” woman

Moderates: politicians who supported the French Revolution, but did not wan to see major changes happen too quickly, or with too much bloodshed.

Monasticism: a movement in the Christian church that arose first in the East in the third and fourth centuries AD, in which first individual hermits and later organised communities of men and women (monks and nuns) separated themselves from the world to lead lives in imitation of Christ. In the West the Rule of St. Benedict (c.480-547) became the dominant form of monasticism.

Monophysitism: a Christian heresy that taught that Jesus had only one nature.

Monotheism: the worship of one universal God.

Mosaic: patterns made by placing together small pieces of coloured glass or stone.

Mouldboard (- plow): a heavy plow introduced in the Middle Ages that cut deep into the soil.

**Mouthpieces: **a spokesperson, the one who speaks in the name of somebody else, messengers


 * Muslim:** name given to the person whose religion is the Islam.

Mycenaean: the Bronze Age civilization of mainland Greece that was centered at Mycenae.

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 * Glosario en español**

Mercado interno:

Mercantilismo:

Milicias:

Monopolio:

Montoneras: