L

English Glossary

Labourers: French peasants who were rich enough to own their own land.

Laissez-faire attitudes: the belief that federal government should interfere as little as possible in the economy, but leave business to get on with it.

Late Antiquity: the multi-cultural period between the end of the ancient world and the birth of the Middle Ages, 250-800 AD.

Latifundia: large plantations for growing cash crops owned by wealthy Romans.

Latium: the region of Italy in which Rome is located. Its inhabitants were called Latins.

Lease: an agreement between a landlord and a tenant laying out how much rent is to be paid, for how long, etc.

Lebensraum:meaning "living space". The Nazi plan to colonize and exploit the Slavic areas of Eastern Europe for the benefit of Germany.

Legacy of Rome: the Roman influence on life throughout the Empire that remained for centuries: e.g. Roman roads, buildings, language, literature and art.

Legate: soldier in command of a legion of the Roman army.

Legion: the largest division of the Roman Army (5000 men, 10 cohorts)

Liberal arts: the medieval university program that consisted of the trivium grammar, rhetoric, and logic, and the quadrivium arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.

Logos:divine reason, or fire, which according to the Stoics was the guiding principle in nature. Every human had a spark of this divinity, which returned to the eternal divine spirit after death.

Lollards: followers of John Wycliffe (d.1384) who questioned the supremacy and privileges of the pope and the church hierarchy.

Lower Egypt: the Nile delta

**Lucky stroke: ** a touch of luck

Luftwaffe: the German airforce in World War II.

Lycée: in the age of Napoleon, French secondary school, which aimed to produce academically very successful pupils with well-trained minds. French secondary schools are still called lycées.

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