E


 * English Glossary**

Economic liberalism: policy of government not intervening in the economy.

Eden:

Edifying:

//Einsatzgruppen//: SS Special Action Groups; responsible for the brutal killing of thousands of civilians in territories occupied by Germany during WWII.

Elite: powerful groups at top of society, e.g. industrialists, landowners, Church leaders.

Emancipation: setting free.

Emigrant:

Emigrate:

Emperor:

Empire:

Empirical: based on experience, not on theory.

Enabling Act

Enclosure: dividing up open fields by putting up fences or hedges across them.

**Encroached: **advance beyond the usual limit

Encyclical: letter from Pope to all his bishops.

Enlist:

Entente: international understanding between countries to follow a united course of action; specifically, the Anglo-French Entente.


 * Epic (story):** long poem narrating the deeds of heroic or legendary figures of the past history of a nation.

Epicureans: school of philosophy founded by Epicurus of Athens (342-271 BC). It sought to liberate people from fear of death and the supernatural by teaching that the gods took no interest in human affairs and that true happiness consisted in pleasure, which was defined as the absence of pain. This could be achieved by attaining ataraxia, freedom from trouble, pain, and responsibility by withdrawing from business and public life.

Equestrians: literally "cavalrymen" or "knights". In the earliest years of the Roman Republic those who could afford to serve as mounted warriors. The equestrians evolved into a social rank of well-to-do businessmen and middle-ranking officials. Many of the supported the Gracchi.

ERA (Equal Rights Amendment):

Estate:

Estated General: the medieval French parliament. It consisted of three separate groups, or "estates": clergy, nobility, and commoners. It last met in 1789 at the outbreak of the French Revolution.

Etruscans: a people of central Italy who exerted the most powerful external influence on the early Romans. Etruscan kings ruled Rome until 509 BC.

Eucharist: meaning "thanksgiving". The celebration of the Lord's Supper. Considered the central ritual of worship by most Christians. Also called Holy Communion.

Eugenics: the science of genetic improvement of a race.

Euro: the common currency created by the EEC in the late 1990s.

European Economic Community (EEC): the economic association formed by France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxemburg in 1957. Also known as the Common Market.

European Union (EU): the new name given to the EEC in 1993. It included most of the states of Western Europe.

Euthanasia: mercy killing; the Nazis misused the term to describe their policy of killing mentally and physically disabled people.

Evacuation:

Evangelical: member of a German Protestant church.

Excavation: the digging of trenches in the ground to uncover ancient remains.

Excommunicate/excommunication:

Execution:

Executive committee: a committee which can take key decisions.

Exile:

Existentialism: the post-World War II Western philosophy that holds human beings are totally responsible for their acts and that this responsibility causes them dread and anguish.

Explotation:

Explorer:

Expressionism: art form based on distorting reality to express an inner vision.

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 * Glosario en español**

Elección indirecta:

Elites:

Estamentos: